Selma, Alabama, has been recognized as the poorest city in the state, with a staggering poverty rate of approximately 37.6%. This historic city, known for its pivotal role in the civil rights movement, faces significant economic challenges that have persisted for decades.
Economic Decline
Selma’s economic struggles can be traced back to various factors, including the decline of manufacturing jobs and the closure of local industries. The city once thrived during the mid-1800s when Dallas County was among the wealthiest areas in the country due to lucrative farming. However, following the closure of Craig Air Force Base in 1977, which had provided substantial economic support, Selma began experiencing a sharp decline in population and economic activity. This loss of jobs and residents has led to a cycle of poverty that is difficult to escape.
Demographics and Income
As of recent estimates, Selma’s population stands at around 16,095, with a median household income of only $26,369, significantly lower than both state and national averages. The racial composition is predominantly African American, with about 82.3% of residents identifying as Black or African American. The educational attainment also reflects the economic challenges; approximately 18% of residents over 25 lack a high school diploma.
Housing and Employment Issues
The housing market in Selma has been severely impacted by economic conditions. The city has a high vacancy rate of 25.1%, indicating a significant number of abandoned properties. Many homes are valued at less than $90,000, contributing to a lack of investment in the community. Employment opportunities are limited, with many residents facing high unemployment rates that exceed national averages.
Community Efforts
Despite these challenges, community leaders and organizations are actively working to revitalize Selma. Efforts are being made to attract new businesses and improve local infrastructure to create job opportunities. However, these initiatives face hurdles due to systemic issues rooted in historical inequalities and economic policies that have not favored rural areas.
Selma’s designation as Alabama’s poorest city underscores the broader issues of poverty affecting many small towns across the state. While historical significance and community resilience remain strong, tackling the entrenched poverty requires concerted efforts from both local leaders and state authorities to create sustainable economic opportunities for its residents.
SOURCES
[1] https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2022-05/R04-22-A-084.pdf
[2] https://cla.auburn.edu/livingdemocracy/blog/poverty-biggest-problem-facing-selma-black-belt/
[3] https://worldpopulationreview.com/us-cities/alabama/selma
[4] https://www.governing.com/now/how-a-symbol-of-black-equality-became-a-center-of-black-poverty
